Heroism In Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

There are many traits that are possessed by those who seek heroism. Whether it is in real life or in fiction, every hero desires these character traits in the past, present, and future. IN my opinion, the two traits that are most prominent in the poem Beowulf are bravery and goodness. In this poem, Beowulf exhibits the trait of bravery by defeating the monster, Grendel. This monster was a very powerful monster that plagued the town of Herot. â€Å"He slipped through the door†¦ Snatched up thirty men, smashed them/ Unknowing in their beds and ran out with their bodies/ The blood dripping behind him, back/ To his liar, delighted with his night’s slaughter. (11)† The society that he terrorized was happy and always rejoicing. â€Å"As now warriors sang of their pleasure/ So Hrothgar’s men lived happily in this hall†¦ (11)† Bravery today has changed from that of Anglo-Saxon times. In the poem, Beowulf uses his bare hands to defeat the evil, monstrous Grendel. He believes that it would be braver and mightier if he were to defeat Grendel without use of a weapon. â€Å"My lord Higlac/ Might thing less of me if I let my sword/ Go where my feet were afraid to, if I hid/ Behind some broad linen shield: my hands/ Alone shall fight for me, struggle for life/ Against the monster (15).† However, in modern times, bravery is associated and accompanied by weaponry. In the movie â€Å"Jaws†, which is a 20th century film, the preying shark terrorizes the beaches of New England. After he is finally trapped, he is killed- but not in the same fashion as Grendel was. The shark was shot in the mouth and then blew up to do a CO2 tank he had swallowed. The way in which each antagonist was killed was in two very different ways: with and without weaponry, respectively. These two scenarios from Anglo-Saxon and modern times are similar, as well. They are similar because of the continuity of â€Å"monsters† terrorizing a society being a great influence among audiences of the past and present. The two works of both eras demonstrate the continual interest in defeating villains and â€Å"feeding† it’s listeners with tales such as these. Bravery is not the only trait in which a hero possesses. A hero needs and has more than one heroic quality, just like no flower is complete without its vibrant colors and sweet smell. Goodness can be compared to that of a flower’s vibrant colors and sweet smell.

India’s Soft Drinks Industry

india's soft drinks industry table of contents toc o â€Å"1-3† u part a: contextual analysis of india and the indian soft drink industry pageref _toc323046458 h 3 introduction pageref _toc323046459 h 3 1. factor conditions pageref _toc323046460 h 4 1. 1 opportunities pageref _toc323046461 h 4 1. 1. 1 india’s physical resources pageref _toc323046462 h 4 1. 2 threats pageref _toc323046463 h 6 1. 2. 1 infrastructure pageref _toc323046464 h 6 1. 2. 2 education and labour pageref _toc323046465 h 6 2. demand conditions pageref _toc323046466 h 7 3. related and supporting industries pageref _toc323046467 h 9 3. availability of related and supporting industries pageref _toc323046468 h 9 3. 2 bargaining power of suppliers pageref _toc323046469 h 9 3. 3 bargaining power of buyers pageref _toc323046470 h 9 4. firm strategy, structure and rivalry pageref _toc323046471 h 10 4. 1 cultural impact on firm strategy and structure pageref _toc323046472 h 10 4. 2 rivalry among existing com petitors pageref _toc323046473 h 10 4. 3 threat of new entrants pageref _toc323046474 h 11 4. 4 threat of substitutes pageref _toc323046475 h 12 5. government pageref _toc323046476 h 12 6. role of chance pageref _toc323046477 h 12 conclusion pageref _toc323046478 h 13 part b: critical evaluation of porter's national diamond model pageref _toc323046479 h 13 references pageref _toc323046480 h 15 part a: contextual analysis of india and the indian soft drink industry introduction a. g. barr has been in the soft drinks business for over 130 years and is one of the biggest soft drinks company in united kingdom (uk) (a. g. barr, 2012). the company has a long standing success in the european market with its popular soft drinks such as irn-bru, barr and tizer. with a strong-hold in the europen market, now a.G. Barr would like to expand their business to other markets. Following The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and PepsiCo success in the Asian market, the company would like to venture into the soft drinks industry in India. The definition of a soft drink market is the retail sale of bottled water, juices, carbonates, functional drinks, ready to drink (RTD) tea and coffee, and smoothies (Datamonitor, 2011). According to Dat amonitor (2011), the India soft drinks market is valued at $3. 8 million as of 2010 even though it accounts only 3. 3% of the overall value in the Asia-Pacific market.Japan and China hold the top two positions with a combined market share of 71. 2% (Datamonitor, 2011). Hence, before setting up an operation in India, the company need to know further details of the local soft drinks industry such as the market share, the customer profile, the suppliers and the competitors. As such, the main purpose of this report is to analysis the feasibility of the India expansion and gives proper recommendations. The Porter's Diamond analysis, the SWOT analysis and Porter’s 5 Forces analysis will be used to evaluate and comprehend the India soft drinks market. . FACTOR CONDITIONS Firstly, we will evaluate the factor conditions of India which may serve as an opportunity or a threat towards our venture into the soft drinks industry. 1. 1 OPPORTUNITIES 1. 1. 1 INDIA’S PHYSICAL RESOURCES India is a country rich of raw materials, resources and land. For this report, we will focus on those physical resources that are essential for the soft drinks industry – water, sugar, aluminium, power sources. With a land space of over 2. 9 million square kilometres (sq km) and a population of 1. 2 billion people, India has only 314,070 sq km of water (CIA World Fact book, 2012). Even though the Indian government has done many things do improved the situation by building water plants and water piping in the urban and rural areas, there are still about 18. 5% of the population (226 million) that lack access to clean, drinkable water (CESS INDIA, 2004) With a sophisticated water purification installed in our soft drinks plantation, A. G. Barr are able to process the unclean water into safe, drinkable water and use it for the basis of the final products. Hence, A. G.Barr will be able to offer an alternative drinking source for the citizens with our soft drinks products. Next, w ith a total arable territory of about 1. 2 million sq km, agriculture is the biggest industry and plays a major role in the socioeconomic growth of India (Maps of India, 2012). According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2012) and the Maps of India (2012), India is the 2nd biggest world producers of sugarcane (sugar) with about 453 sugar mills located all over India. INCLUDEPICTURE â€Å"http://faostat. fao. org/DesktopModules/Faostat/Images/T20/ChartPic_3nemzw945otecriq01oo. ng? 3f2841b2-add0-4841-9dc7-5707a2a011f0† * MERGEFORMATINET Table 1: Top Production – Sugar cane 2010 Source: FAO Thirdly, for aluminium, India is the fifth biggest producer in the world after Australia, Guinea, Brazil and Jamaica (Maps of India, 2012). Finally, to obtain vast economic growth and a flourishing industrial sector, the Indian government has invested and given top precedence to the power sector of the nation and as of the 21st century, India is able to generate about 90% of its own energy through (Maps of India, 2012):Thermal/Coal Power Hydro Power Renewable Resources Power Nuclear Power With most of the raw materials and resources readily available in India, the price for these materials will be relatively standard and low. Hence, this will lower the cost of production. This is a key factor in venturing into the India market as A. G. Barr require a huge amount of clean water and sugar to produce the soft drink products. 1. 2 THREATS 1. 2. 1 INFRASTRUCTURE The infrastructure in India is one of the most problematic and unreliable in the world.As stated previously, even though India is able to generate 90% of its power, due to the poor financial position of many power supply companies, the power supplies are always inconsistent and frequently being cut-off (‘India: Risk overview', 2011). Hence, companies, offices and industrial plants need to have their own back-up power facilities to ensure no interruption to the production p rocesses (‘India: Risk overview', 2011). The road and railway system in India is still undependable and many traffic congestions are resulted due to the inadequacy.Pan (Asiamoney, 2010) notes that while the Indian government are investing US$1 trillion in infrastructure from 2012 to 2017, political bureaucracy and lack of good projects are hindering the developments of infrastructure. At the same time, Roy (Euromoney, 2010) reports that while Mr. Rajiv Lall, chief executive of state-run lender Infrastructure Development Finance Company believes India infrastructure has been slowly improving, the dependable relationship between the public sector and the private sectors in infrastructure will lead to corruption and thus may hinder the progression of big infrastructure projects.Therefore, any company that wish to venture into India soft drinks market will need to spend a sizeable amount on power generator and water purification facilities. This huge expenditure will put a dent on the initial capital investment and A. G. Barr need to take this into account and plan on how much of the expenditure to be transferred over to the final consumers through the products. 1. 2. 2 EDUCATION AND LABOUR According to several organizations; CIA (2012), US Department of State (2011) and WEF (2011), India’s literacy rate is only at 61%.The education level in India is low as many of the population live in poverty or the slump and unable to afford going school. Moreover, the Indian government lacks of provision of education is hindering its people to learn and receive knowledge. This result in a low skilled workforce and the unemployment rate for youth age 15 to 24 in India is high at 10. 5% (CIA World Fact Book, 2012). While a soft drink company with high technology facilities and processes requires employees with minimal skills, it is still essential for these workers have a basic understanding and motor skills to operate the high-tech, expensive machineries.Another e nd of the spectrum is those highly educated Indians where the information technology (IT) sector is booming. These IT personnel and engineers are viable to our company as they able to manage, supervise and suitable of the higher ranking jobs. Hence, to ensure the workers hired have the essential skills, A. G. Barr will need to frequently conduct training programs, skills development workshops and have simple instructions which are easy to follow. 2. DEMAND CONDITIONS With the relaxation of the Indian government policy on FDIs and foreign companies, the soft drinks industry had change tremendously.As the US and EU markets are highly saturated, companies are looking into the Asian markets to expand and gain more revenues. Apart from China, Japan and South Korea, India is the 4th leading Asian soft drinks market and the market is still growing and has yet to reach its saturation point. In 2010, there is a substantial demand for soft drinks as the market has grown by 10. 4% (Datamonitor , 2011). Datamonitor (2011) even predicts that by 2015, the Indian market will grow to a value of $5. 8 million. Table 2 shows the growth of India soft drink market from 2006 to 2010.Table 2: India soft drinks market volume: million liters, 2006–10(e) Datamonitor (2011) also reports that as of 2010, the soft drinks industry has generated total revenues of $3. 8 billion and with 50% of the total revenues, carbonates sale is the most profitable category. Table 3: India soft drinks market segmentation: % share, by value, 2010(e) It is essential to note that currently there is a growing trend of â€Å"vitamin water† or â€Å"nutrient water† in the world as many people are becoming more health conscious.The Times (London) (2012) reports that even India is not spared from the trend as PepsiCo, together with Tata Global Beverages, intend to market the â€Å"nutrient water† to India’s urban, middle-class consumers where a bottle of such product will cost s lightly higher than a standard bottled water. Hence, this could greatly affect the retail sales of carbonates. A. G. Barr has already altered its products to regular variants to low calorie and no added sugar variants in accordance to the gradual shift towards healthly living in the UK (A.G. Barr, 2012). For example, its popular porduct, IRN-BRU now comes in a sugar free variation, the ‘IRN-BRU sugar free’. Thus, the â€Å"nutrient water† market is another sector A. G. Barr could develop into not only in UK but also in India. 3. RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES 3. 1 AVAILABILITY OF RELATED AND SUPPORTING INDUSTRIES India has huge supporting industries for the soft drinks market and the availablity of the main components for a soft drinks company in India is high.There are 453 sugar mills in India and the top 6 growing states are located in the Northern, Southern and Western regions of India (Maps of India, 2012). Noteably, the Indian government has been extentsi vely investing in the agriculture sector to ensure that the process of the sector from raw materials to warehousing and merchandising flow smoothly. And as for the aluminium industry, India has a sizeable number of aluminium plants located mainly in Northern and Southern regions. 3. 2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERSAs inputs are readily available, suppliers are unable to provide their services or sell their products at a higher price than their competitors as it is of no loss to the soft drinks company since the company is able to get the same or better services and products from other suppliers. A. G. Barr is able to obtain the primary inputs for its products through several sources in the region or state. Thus, the bargaining power of suppliers such as the packaging producers and raw materials and soft drinks ingredients producers are relatively low (Datamonitor, 2011). 3. 3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERSThe power of the retailers and distributors in this market is weak as most soft dri nks manufactures work closely with the local bottling companies to distribute the ready for sale products to buyers within a certain region or sector (Datamonitor, 2011). Datamonitor (2011) also reports that with 46. 3% of the total market volume, the independent retailers such as the small family mart shops are the main distribution channels for soft drinks but this could change with the introduction of super and hypermarkets. Thus, consumers will have a wider range of soft drinks brands to choose from.In order to gain relatively significant market share, A. G. Barr needs to do plenty of advertising and promotion. One of the strategies A. G. Barr could adopt is to set their soft drinks at a lower price than the main competitors, TCCC and PepsiCo in the rural areas while maintaining the same price in the urban areas where most of the middle-income and high-income classes have high consumer purchasing power. 4. FIRM STRATEGY, STRUCTURE AND RIVALRY 4. 1 CULTURAL IMPACT ON FIRM STRATEG Y AND STRUCTURE A. G. Barr core strategic focus is based on the following 7 platforms (A. G.Barr, 2012): Core Brands and Markets Portfolio development Route to market Partnerships Efficient Operations People Development Sustainability To ensure these strategies and structure is maintain in other country, A. G. Barr has to train its overseas employees, make them understand and cultivate the A. G. Barr working culture. However, this will be a tough challenge in India due to the poor education and different socio-culture. Thus, A. G. Barr needs to accommodate its Western working culture with India working culture, however without losing its main mission and strategy.To ensure this is excuted properly, A. G. Barr needs to obtain a specialist in the Indian market and culture. 4. 2 RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING COMPETITORS In India, the soft drink market is dominated by three main players – The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC), PepsiCo and Parle Bisleri Ltd – securing 74. 1% of the total m arket volume (Datamonitor, 2011). Table 4: India soft drinks market share: % share, by volume, 2010(e) BBC News (2011) reports that TCCC planned to invest $2 billion in India to boost its market share and expected India to be in its top five markets by 2020.Meanwhile, PepsiCo intend to launch a new product, â€Å"nutrient water† with Tata Water targeting at the young urban consumers to gain more market shares (Pagnamenta, 2012). This shows how competitive the rivalry in the India soft drinks industry where the two major market shares are actively investing and developing new products to gain more shares. 4. 3 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS The big players of the India soft drinks industry are actively improving themselves and distinguishing their products through various methods. Furthermore, TCCC and PepsiCo are renowned world soft drinks brands which have been existing in the India market for many years.Though new companies in the industry may have difficulty competing with the exi sting players, it may accomplish small success by using different production method or focusing on the lesser ventured catergories of the soft drinks markets such as health drinks and energy drinks (Datamonitor, 2011). This could be a major break through for A. G. Barr as its most popular products; the IRN-BRU; is low in sugar and contains additional benefits of an energy drink. In addition, the Rockstar series which are designed to target those who lead active lifestyles may be able to attract the young, urban consumers.With several advertising accolades, A. G. Barr has the knowledge and is able use the power of media to attract potential consumers and gain more market shares. 4. 4 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES The main substitutes for soft drinks markets are traditonal tea and coffee, homemade juices and fresh water from the water plants or piping system. As A. G. Barr and other leading soft drinks companies have diverse products to cater to the different needs of the consumers – c arbonates, bottled water, juices etc – this will narrow down the threat of substitutes.However, the threat is still relatively moderate as retailers and distributors may give more shelf space for traditional tea and coffee products as they may be stored at room temperatures (Datamonitor, 2011). 5. GOVERNMENT BBC News (2011) reports that India is ranked 95th out of 183 nations in the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions (TICP) list. Due to the high corruption scandals among its government officials, low or invisible legislative work, red tape and bureaucracy, India has dropped from 87th in 2010 to 95th (BBC News, 2011).Despite its numerous intervention, corruption in India is an issue which is very difficult to get rid off since most of the political members and officals have their own agendas and are resistant to change (‘India: Risk overview', 2011). Hence, foreign companies will faced many setbacks when they venture into the India sectors. 6. ROLE OF CHAN CE The role of chance plays a small part in factoring the soft drinks industry as most of the technology are at it most advanced state. The only main issue currently is the Iran oil crisis.As India still refuses to cut Iranian oil imports, this may lead to a huge setback if USA decides to attack Iran and ignore India’s relation with Iran (CBS News, 2012, Kennedy, 2012). With a potential strain relationship with USA, this could lead to severe freeze in the trade and foreign direct investments. Furthermore, the other two traid nations, EU and Japan, may follow suit USA’s decision to cut ties with India for refusing to withdraw the purchasing of Iranian oil. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the soft drinks market in India is huge though it is predominately hold by 3 major key players.To venture into this territory, a new company need to set itself apart from the majpr players through unique advertising, differentiated production method and diverse product offerings. New companie s may set an initial low price of its products to attract consumers however; this should not be a long term strategy. Companies need to have a huge capital investment to counter the corruption, trade policies and poor infrastructure. Thus, expenditures and initial start-up cost will be high and companies will have to redistribute part of the cost to its final consumers in order to gain profits.PART B: CRITICAL EVALUATION OF PORTER'S NATIONAL DIAMOND MODEL Michael E. Porter is a well renowned economic strategist whom has writen 18 books and over125 articles (HBS, 2008). With a core field in competitive strategy, Porter has written and developed a number of strategic frameworks such as the Porter’s National Diamond model and Porter’s 5 Forces analysis. Since the model was based on eight developed countries and two industrialized countries, an analysis on developing, growing countries such as India is flawed.This is because these developing countries are not on the same e conomic level as the 10 countries. Thus, though the Porter’s National Diamond (PND) model analysis almost every aspect of India’s profile, it still lacks in-depth analysis and companies should not base their analytical evaluation on the PND model alone. As supported by Van Den Bosch, and Van Proojien (1992), both authors believed that PND model provide limited analysis on the control of national culture on the competitive advantage of nations.Similar to the EU countries, India too has a diverse set of culture which plays significant role in the management of the country’s economy, laws, trade policies and governance. There are limited sources on India and the soft drinks market due to the lack of legistative work from the government officals. Furthermore, some of the reports or statistics may not be entirely accurate due to the high corruption level. For example, reports may state that India is able to generate 90% of its power but the power plants are inconsist ent and supplies are frequently distrupted.Also, to what extend is the literacy rate of India is correct? The literacy rates may be higher than stated as with 1. 22 billion people, India officials may have a tough job collecting the accurate datas. Moreover, with high poverty and low income, most of Indian citizens have the ‘thrifty mindset’ whereby they prefer things which are basically free even though it maybe harmful such as drinking untreated water. These are the pros of the PND model for India: Analysis different aspect of the country profileTakes into account the role of Government which is the most essential for India These are the cons of the PND model for India: Limited credible sources for analysis Little depth as India is a huge country with various swinging factors. Limited analysis on the cultural effect on a country’s competitive advantage Ways to improve the PND model for India: Supporting the model with other analysis model such as PEST, SWOT, Po rter’s 5 Forces and Fons Trompenaars’ Seven Cultural Dimensions. Intentsive research on the market and the growth of the market. REFERENCES A. G. Barr (2012) About Us.Available at: http://www. agbarr. co. uk/agbarr/newsite/ces_general. nsf/wpg/about_us-our_strategy (Accessed: 22 March 2012). BBC News (2011) Coke plans $2bn India investment in bid to boost growth. Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-15731884 (Accessed: 20 February 2012). BBC News (2011) India Transparency International corruption index blow. Available at: http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-asia-india-15979646 (Accessed: 01 March 2012). CBS News (2012) U. K. : Attack on Iran has â€Å"enormous downsides†. Available at: http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-202_162-57380838/u. . -attack-on-iran-has-enormous-downsides/? tag=mncol;lst;1 (Accessed: 20 February 2012). India. CESS (2004) Right to Drinking Water in India. Available at: http://www. cess. ac. in/cesshome/wp%5CWater. pdf (Accessed: 22 March 2012). CIA (2012) South Asia, India. Available at: https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in. html (Accessed: 20 February 2012). FAO (2012) Faostat. Available at: http://faostat. fao. org/site/339/default. aspx (Accessed: 01 March 2012). HBS (2008) Harvard Business School Faculty & Research. Available at: http://drfd. bs. edu/fit/public/facultyInfo. do? facInfo=bio&facEmId=mporter (Accessed: 10 April 2012). ‘India: Risk overview’ (2011) Business Asia, 43, 14, pp. 10-11, Business Source Premier, EBSCO [Online]. Available at http://searchebscohost. com (Accessed: 22 March 2012). Kennedy (2012) US Pleas for Asia to Cut Iranian Oil Imports Fall on Deaf Ears, Oilprice. Available at: http://oilprice. com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/US-Pleas-for-Asia-to-Cut-Iranian-Oil-Imports-Fall-on-Deaf-Ears. html (Accessed: 20 February 2012). Maps of India (2012) India Agriculture. Available at:

Callum

Themes TRENCH LIFE & BATTLE â€Å"Coughing Like Hags† – Dulce Et Decorum Est, Wilfred Owen â€Å"Guttering, choking, drowning† – Dulce Et Decorum Est, Wilfred Owen â€Å"Stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle† – Anthem for Doomed Youth, Wilfred Owen â€Å"A great mass of things unclean† – A Dead Boche, Robert Graves â€Å"Like several different kinds of Hell† –Brooke, in a letter on his day in the war â€Å"So much muscle and blood in the Earth† Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks â€Å"Beyond the boundaries of human behaviour† -Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks â€Å"The turned soil and torn flesh of war. – Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks â€Å"Meanwhile my self etcetera lay quietly in the deep mud† – my sweet old etcetera, e. e. cummings â€Å"You think there’s no limit to what a man can bear? †Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Stanhope in Journey’s End, Sherriff LOSS â€Å"They expected to die† – Birdsong, Faulks â€Å"A dust whom England bore† – The Soldier, Brooke â€Å"Gentleness, in hearts at peace, under an English Heaven† – The Soldier, Brooke â€Å"As scared as any frightened child† – The Deserter, Letts â€Å"Looking on the face of grief, the face of dread† – June 1915, Charlotte Mew â€Å"The soldier dying dies upon a kiss,The very kiss of Christ† – Summer in England 1914, Alice Meynell â€Å" The holy glimmer of goodbyes† – Anthem For Doomed Youth, Owen â€Å" Each slow dusk a drawing down of blinds† – Anthem For Doomed Youth, Owen PATRIOTISM â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est Pro Patria Mori† – Dulce Et Decorum Est, Owen â€Å" Who’ll give his country a hand? † – [i]Who’s For The Game, Jessie Pope â€Å" my father used to become hoarse talking about how it was a privilege† – my sweet old etcetera, e. e. cumming s â€Å" There’s something rather romantic about it all† – Osborne in Journey’s End, Sherriff â€Å" He looked splendid.It – sort of made me feel†¦keen to get out here† – Raleigh in Journeys End, Sherriff â€Å" My hatred of the Kaiser is love true† – This Is No Case Of Petty Right Or Wrong – Thomas â€Å"As we love ourselves, we hate her foe† – This Is No Case Of Petty Right Or Wrong, Thomas WOMEN AND THEIR ROLES â€Å"You love us when we’re heroes† – Glory Of Women, Sassoon â€Å" Come along lads† – Who’s For The Game, Jessie Pope â€Å" Isabel created hundreds (and hundreds) of socks†Ã¢â‚¬â€œmy sweet old etcetera, cummings â€Å" Can’t you see it isn’t decent, to flout and goad men into doing what is not asked of you? – The Jingo-Woman, Helen Hamilton â€Å" We dare not weep who must be brave in battle† – Of All Who Died In Silence Far Away, Iris Tree â€Å" Anyone affected by the war is entitled to comment upon it† – Nasheen Khan GENERAL â€Å" Not quite clear†¦what the fuss was about† – He Went For A Soldier, Ruth Mitchell â€Å" The political errors and insincerities† – A Soldier’s Declaration, Sassoon â€Å" A war of aggression and conquest† – A Soldier’s Declaration, Sassoon â€Å" I am acting on behalf of soldiers† – A Soldier’s Declaration, Sassoon â€Å" An exploration of how far men can be degraded† – Birdsong, Faulks â€Å" You are going to fight and you are going to win. – Birdsong, Faulks â€Å" They didn’t believe in shellshock at all†¦it was just cowardice† – Regeneration, Pat Barker â€Å" The pity and terror the war experience inevitably evoked† – Regeneration, Pat Barker â€Å"It all seems rather silly, doesn†™t it? † – Raleigh in Journey’s End, Sherriff â€Å" My subject is war and the pity of war. † – Wilfred Owen CRITICAL COMMENTS ON THE WAR CANON â€Å" Passive suffering is not a theme for poetry† – Yeats â€Å"War equates with ombat thus limiting the canon† – James Campbell â€Å" The knowledge of combat is a prerequisite for the production of a literary text that adequately deals with war† – James Campbell â€Å"Anyone affected by war is entitled to comment upon it† – Nasheen Khan â€Å" The spectator, the contemplator, the opposer of war have their hours with the enemy no less than uniformed combatants† – Richard Eberhart Pre-WWI Literature ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’ by Alfred Lord Tennyson †¢ Disastrous incident in the Crimean war. †¢ â€Å"Into the valley of death/ Rode the six hundred† – Celebrates devotion to duty and heroism in the face of certain death.The glamour of chivalry. †¢ â€Å"Honour the Charge they made! † â€Å"While horse and hero fell† – patriotic, presents war positively. †¢ â€Å"Someone had blunder'd† – blames Generals – interesting as it is before WWI, about the Boer war. So perhaps realistic in this sense? ‘Vitai Lampada, by Sir Henry Newbolt’ †¢ About the Boer War †¢ â€Å"The Gatling’s lamed and the colonel dead† – Presents the actuality of the war, reality. †¢ â€Å"The sand of the desert is sodden dead† – realism, huge scale of death. Alliteration of â€Å"s† and â€Å"d†. †¢ â€Å"But the voice of a schoolboy rallies the ranks, ‘play up! Play up! And play the game! – Compares war to a game of cricket, euphemism of war. Early War Literature – (1914-1915) ‘The Soldier’ by Rupert Brooke †¢ â€Å"Some corner of a fo reign field/that is forever England† – Idealised. Accused of naivete and being a ‘ridiculous pastoral’. †¢ â€Å"If I should die, think only this of me† – More than a sentimental patriotic verse. The word ‘think’ acts as a message from Brooke for people to remember him. †¢ A dialogue between the living (survivors and civilians) and the dead (or soon-to-be). ‘The Call’ by Jessie Pope †¢ Jessie Pope (a. k. a Owen's arch-nemesis! ) was incredibly pro-war. â€Å"Who's for the trench – are you, my laddie? Who'll follow the French – will you, my laddie? † – used for propaganda to young soldiers. ‘Men who March Away’ by Thomas Hardy †¢ Thomas Hardy didn’t fight in war. †¢ Written in the opening days of war. †¢ Expresses feelings of those enlisting as war was meant to be over by Christmas. †¢ â€Å"Braggarts must surely bite the dust† â €“ sounds quaint & naive. A letter written by Julien Grenfell †¢ â€Å"We are all awfully well, except those who have stopped something† – ‘Stopped something’ was slang for being shot! ‘As the Team’s Head Brass’ by Edward Thomas Conversation between an elder ploughman and a speaker uncertain whether or not to enlist. †¢ â€Å"’have you been out yet? ’ ‘No. ’ ‘And don’t want to, perhaps? ’† – series of questions. Later Literature – (1916-1918) ‘All the Hills and Vales Along’ by Charles Hamilton Sorely †¢ â€Å"And the singers† – optimism, calling soldiers ‘singers’. This is immediately undercut by describing them as â€Å"the chaps/who are going to die perhaps! † †¢ â€Å"So be glad, when you are sleeping† – ‘sleeping’ undertones of death, implicit suggestion of death as mos t desirable end, inevitable end for a soldier. â€Å"Sow your gladness for earth’s reaping† – celebrate chance of fighting, earth personified, harvesting future happiness planted by soldiers. †¢ â€Å"To the Gates of Death with song† – Almost Tennyson-like enthusiasm, cheerful death. †¢ Offset by the final line; â€Å"so be merry, so be dead† – sober view of death compared to Brooke’s. ‘To England – A note’ by Ivor Gurney †¢ In this sonnet each seemingly patriotic phrase is undercut. †¢ â€Å"The boys of England† – focuses on the facts that the soldiers are no more than boys, often just out of public school. The soldiers â€Å"do in silence† – the things they have to do, war is literally unspeakable. ‘A Dead Boche’ by Rupert Graves †¢ Speaks directly to those who only want to hear ‘of blood and fame’. †¢ â€Å"A certain cure for lust of blood† – Brusquely ironic tone. †¢ Second stanza confronts the horrors of war head-on, he describes a German Corpse. †¢ â€Å"Sat† and â€Å"Scowled† – alliteration attaches these actions of a living person to the corpse. †¢ â€Å"Big-bellied, spectacled, crop-haired† – still identifiable but the â€Å"black blood† turns corpse into an emblem of death. No mutual recognition or respect from one soldier to another (unlike W. O’s statement â€Å"I am the enemy you killed, my friend† – strange meeting) †¢ Reader challenged to disagree with the claim that it is a â€Å"certain cure for the lust of blood†. Post-WWI Literature ‘Journey’s End’ by R. C Sherriff †¢ Set in a dug-out in trenches, it explores tension in a group of officers waiting for their attack. †¢ Names emphasise essential Englishness (Stanhope, Osborne, Raleigh, etc). ‘Birds ong’ by Sebastian Faulks †¢ â€Å"†¦ so horrific†¦ beyond a war†¦ dehumanised to an extent that†¦ †¢ â€Å"This is not a war; this is an exploration of how far men can be degraded† – dehumanising, bitterness of those who experience it, no reason behind war. Modern. What Sebastian Faulks sets to explore in birdsong. (Stephen Wraysford) Glory of Women- Siegfried Sassoon 1917. Criticises those at home, particularly the women. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"You love us when we’re heroes, home on leave†¦Ã¢â‚¬  †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Trampling the terrible corpses, blind with blood† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"O German mother†¦while you are knitting socks to send your son His face is trodden deeper in the mud. † A Dead Boche Robert Graves 1916Wirtten from an anti war perspective, graphic descriptions show the true horror of war. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"’War’s hell’† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sat a dead Boche, he scowled and stunk† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Big-bellied, spectacled, crop haired, Dribbling black blood from nose and beard† Diasbled- Wilfred Owen 1917 Shows a strong anti-war view, criticises those at home who cannt see past the ‘glory' of war. Poem shows a young boy who has been disabled by the war. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer a goal† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"The women’s eyes passed from him to the strong men that were whole† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why don’t they come? † Dulce et Decorum Est- Wilfred Owen 1917Again anti-war, satirises the view that war is a glorious thing, and that it is an honour to die for ones country. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bent double, like beggars under sack, knock kneed and coughing like hags. † †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"As under a green sea, I saw him drowning†¦ gargling from the froth corrupted lungs† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"The old lie: Dulce et Decorum est Pro patria mori† The Send Off- Wilfred Owen 1917 This poem has a melancholic tone, which has a sinister effect as the poem focuses on the death and destruction caused by war. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"lined the train with faced grimly gay† †¢Ã¢â‚¬ Their breasts were stuck all white with wreath and spray, as mens are, dead. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"like wrongs hushed up they went† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"A few, too few for drums and yells may creep back, silent†¦ up half known roads. † Glory of Women- Siegfried Sassoon 1917. Criticises those at home, particularly the women. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"You love us when we’re heroes, home on leave†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å" He looked splendid. It – sort of made me feel†¦keen to get out here† – Raleigh in Journeys End, Sherriff Rupert Brooke – patriotic There is some corner of a foreign field That is forever England† Sassoon â€Å"Does it matter? Losing your legs? † â€Å"The turned soil and torn flesh of war. † – Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks Charles Sorley – â€Å"nor honour. It is easy to be dead†Edmund Blunden – ‘Vlamertinghe’ – â€Å"who are these coming to the sacrifice? † Quiet protest: Ivor Gurney ‘Beauty’ â€Å"Man’ consolation sung on the quivering strings† Inspiring: Sir Henry Newbolt ‘Vitai Lampada† (the torch of life) â€Å"Play up! Play up! And play the game! † Jessie Pope â€Å"Who’s for the game? † Regeneration Sassoon: â€Å"A hundred years from now they'll still be ploughing up skulls. † Owen, Disabled â€Å"All of them touch him like some queer disease. † â€Å" The holy glimmer of goodbyes† – Anthem For Doomed Youth, Owen Strange Meeting 1)Hill says in the Author's Notes that her novel is a â€Å"microcosm of the ar† to create a â€Å"small world in the great would of the war†-she focusses on 2 main characters John Hilliard and David Blunden which makes it easier to communicate what the wa r was all about arther than taking a much larger perspective 2)the lack of understanding of the â€Å"coward complacence† as Sassoon puts it is another idea found in this novel-Hilliard goes home on leave and says â€Å"noone knew, nobody understood† Recruitment ‘The Call' By Jessie Pope â€Å"Who'd rather wait a bit† ‘The Volunteer' By Herbert Asquith â€Å"lifes tournament† ‘The Call' By Robert Venede â€Å"lad† â€Å"man† â€Å"dreamer† â€Å"brothers† ‘In Flanders Field' By John McCrae Take up our quarrel† Futility and Despair ‘Dulce et Decorum Est' By Owen â€Å"vile incurable sores on innocent tongues† ‘Lamplight' By May Wedderburn Cannan â€Å"we planned to shake the world together† ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth' By Owen â€Å"each slow dusk, a drawing down of blinds† ‘Apologia pro Poemate Meo' By Owen â€Å"hopes lay strewn† ‘Birdsong' By Faulks â€Å"he himself did not believe there was a purpose to the war† ‘All Quiet on the Western Front' By Remarque â€Å"weary, broken, burntout and without hope† Patriotism and Glorifying War ‘The Soldier' By Brooke â€Å"some corner of a foreign field which is forever England† ‘The Call' By Venede ogres† â€Å"faeries† â€Å"princes† ‘This is no case of petty right of wrong' By Edward Thomas â€Å"She (England) is all we know and live by† ‘Channel Firing' By Hardy â€Å"Camelot, and starlit stonehenge† ‘Peace' By Brooke â€Å"as swimmers into cleanness leaping† ‘Happy is England Now' By John Freema â€Å"destroying Dragon† ‘Men Who March Away' By Hardy â€Å"England's need are we† ‘Journeys End' By Sherriff â€Å"There's something rather romantic about it all† (Osbourne) Physical Damage ‘Disabled' By Owen â€Å"The womens' eyes passed f rom him to the strong men that were whole† ‘The Ghost Road' By Pat Barker â€Å"damaged brains and drooping mouths† The Conscript' By Wilfred Gibson â€Å"mangled limbs, blind eyes† ‘All Quiet on the Western Front' By Remarque â€Å"we see men without mouths, jaws, without faces† ‘A Dead Boche' By Graves â€Å"Black blood oozing from his nose and beard† ‘In Memoriam' By EA Mackintosh â€Å"piteous writhing bodies† Class ‘Oh What a Lovely War' By Littlewood and Theatre Workshop â€Å"Blunders of boobies† (Mrs Pankhurst) ‘The Chances' By Owen â€Å"Over the top tomorrer; boys we're for it† ‘Strange Meeting' By Susan Hill â€Å"not the natural camaraderie to be found among the officers† ‘Return of the Heroes' By Sassoon â€Å"Prussian General† and â€Å"Sir Godfrey Stoomer†Mourning ‘A Girl's Song' By Katharine Tynan â€Å"My grief is in the weeping rainsâ⠂¬  ‘The Falling Leaves' By Margaret Postgate Cole â€Å"now all withering lay† ‘Afterwards' By Margaret Postgate Cole â€Å"shall you and I ever be young again? † ‘August 1914' By John Masefield â€Å"So passionate once, so deep† ‘Now that you too muct shortly go away' By Eleanor Farjeon â€Å"By immortal love, which has no first of last† ‘Do Not Weep' By Stephen Crane â€Å"A field where a thousand corpses lie† ‘Letters From a Lost Generation' By Vera Brittain Letters talking about her fiance's death Cowardice ‘The Jingo-Woman' By Helen Hamilton dealer in white feathers, insulter, self appointed† ‘Birdsong' By Faulks â€Å"list of men executed for cowardice† ‘Recruiting' By Mackintosh â€Å"Can't you see them thanking God they're over forty-one? † ‘Regeneration' By Pat Barker â€Å"They didn't believe in shell-shock†¦ it was just cowardice† Post War Thoug hts ‘Blackadder Goes Forth' By Curtis and Elton â€Å"Not even our generals are made enough to shell their own men† ‘Oh What a Lovely War' By Littlewood and Theatre Workshop â€Å"it is slaughter†(soldier) â€Å"we need one big offensive to break through† (Haig) ‘Aftermath' By Sassoon â€Å"Have you forgotten yet? â€Å"

Familiares que puede pedir un ciudadano americano

Familiares que puede pedir un ciudadano americano Los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos  pueden solicitar los papeles para la tarjeta de residencia permanente  Ã¢â‚¬â€œgreen card– para algunos de sus  familiares.  Los requisitos de edad, tiempos de demora, posibilidades de ajuste de estatus y de incluir a otros familiares en una à ºnica peticià ³n dependen del grado de la relacià ³n entre el estadounidense que pide los papeles y el extranjero que resulta beneficiado. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que en algunas ocasiones ser ciudadano no da derecho a pedir a un familiar. Esto es asà ­ en los casos en los que han sido previamente condenados por delitos contra menores de contenido sexual (Ley Adam Walsh). Adems, las condenas por secuestro o retencià ³n ilegal tambià ©n imposibilitan solicitar los papeles para un familiar. Familiares inmediatos de ciudadano estadounidense A la hora de pedir los papeles, la ley migratoria establece una diferencia fundamental entre familiares inmediatos de un ciudadano y los que no tienen esa categorà ­a. Su significado es muy distinto de lo que se entiende en lenguaje normal.   Solo y exclusivamente los siguientes son familiares inmediatos de un ciudadano: cà ³nyugeshijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±ospadres y madres Para la ley migratoria de EE.UU. son cà ³nyuges los matrimonios de varà ³n y mujer y tambià ©n los conformados por dos hombres o por dos mujeres. El matrimonio puede haberse celebrado en EE.UU. o en otro paà ­s, lo à ºnico que importa es que sea vlido segà ºn la ley del lugar de celebracià ³n. Asimismo, los cà ³nyuges solo pueden estar casados con una sola persona. Si tuvieron un matrimonio anterior, debe haber finalizado por fallecimiento de uno de los cà ³nyuges, anulacià ³n de matrimonio o divorcio. Si durante el proceso de peticià ³n el cà ³nyuge estadounidense falleciese, el viudo podrà ­a seguir siendo considerado como familiar inmediato y continuar con la tramitacià ³n, siempre que se cumplan ciertos requisito. Tambià ©n son familiares inmediatos de ciudadano los hijos/as biolà ³gicos o adoptados solteros que son menores de 21 aà ±os de edad. En los formularios de Inmigracià ³n se refieren a ellos como child. En algunos casos, los hijos biolà ³gicos podrà ­an ser ciudadanos por propio derecho a pesar de haber nacido en otro paà ­s por lo que se conoce como derecho de sangre. Con respecto a los hijos adoptados, podrà ­an haber adquirido la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense en el momento de la adopcià ³n, dependiendo de las circunstancias del caso. Tambià ©n podrà ­an ser considerados como familiares inmediato de un ciudadano los hijastros. Para este caso adems de ser solteros y menores de 21 aà ±os se exige que el matrimonio entre el ciudadano y el extranjero, que es padre o madre del menor, se hubiera celebrado antes de que dicho menor cumpliese los 18 aà ±os de edad. Si ya hubiera cumplido los 18 en el momento, el ciudadano no lo podr pedir ni como familiar inmediato ni en ninguna otra categorà ­a. La solucià ³n en estos casos es que el cà ³nyuge extranjero adquiera la green card y pida a ese hijo/a soltero. Otra opcià ³n, pero solo vlida si todavà ­a no se ha celebrado el matrimonio, es la visa K de prometido, ya que la derivada K-2 permitirà ­a pedir los papeles para el hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os del novio/a extranjero, a pesar de que la boda se celebra despuà ©s de que à ©ste hubiera cumplido los 18 aà ±os de edad. Por à ºltimo, son tambià ©n familiares inmediatos de un ciudadano su padre y su madre y en ciertas circunstancias, padres adoptivos, padrastros y madrastras. Pero para estas peticiones es requisito indispensable que el ciudadano cumpla los 21 aà ±os de edad antes de estar capacitado para hacerlas. Sin embargo, en el caso de un ciudadano estadounidense adulto que fue adoptado en otro paà ­s antes de cumplir los 16 aà ±os de edad y fruto de esa adopcià ³n obtuvo un beneficio migratorio -green card o ciudadanà ­a de EE.UU.-, no puede pedir los papeles para sus padres biolà ³gicos. Adems, un ciudadano solamente puede pedir al cà ³nyuge de su padre o al de su madre solamente si la boda entre ellos se celebrà ³ antes de que el ciudadano hubiera cumplido los 18 aà ±os de edad. Por ejemplo, si el ciudadano estadounidense Juan Garcà ­a tiene 19 aà ±os cuando su pap, Orlando Garcà ­a, se casa con Gloria Fernndez, cuando Juan cumpla los 21 aà ±os de edad podr pedir a su padre, pero no a Gloria. Pros y cons de peticiones de ciudadano a familiares inmediatos En primer lugar, una gran ventaja de las peticiones de ciudadano a familiar inmediato es el tiempo de espera por la tarjeta de residencia que es, simplemente, el que lleve la tramitacià ³n. A diferencia de lo que ocurre en el resto de peticiones por familia, en el caso de las de familiar inmediato no hay là ­mite en el nà ºmero de residencias que se pueden aprobar anualmente por esta causa. En la actualidad la demora puede llevar, aproximadamente, entre 12 y 24 meses. Otra gran ventaja de las peticiones de ciudadano a familiares inmediatos es que pueden ajustar su estatus –es decir, obtener la green card sin salir de EE.UU.- incluso si estn en el paà ­s como indocumentados, siempre y cuando hubieran entrado legalmente a EE.UU. En otras palabras, los que ingresaron cruzando ilegalmente la frontera no pueden ajustar su estatus y tendrà ­an que salir a una entrevista consular, con lo que surgirà ­a el problema del castigo del los tres o de los 10 aà ±os. Por esta razà ³n, se debe consultar con un abogado en el caso de peticiones de ciudadano a cà ³nyuges, padres e hijos mayores de edad de un ciudadano que ingresaron ilegalmente a EE.UU. Finalmente, otra ventaja es la congelacià ³n de la edad para el caso de hijos solteros que cumplen los 21 aà ±os de edad durante la tramitacià ³n de la peticià ³n. Por otro lado, el gran inconveniente de las peticiones de familiar inmediato es que en cada una solo se puede incluir a un familiar y no se admiten beneficiados derivados. Por ejemplo, si el ciudadano Juan Garcà ­a, de 21 aà ±os de edad, quiere pedir a sus padres y a su hermano debe presentar una peticià ³n para el pap y pagar por ella, otra para la mam, y de nuevo realizar un pago completo. Y al hermano debe pedirlo en otra tercera peticià ³n y, adems, no tendr consideracià ³n de familiar inmediato. Es decir, el hermano no puede incluirse ni en la del padre ni en la de la madre. Lo mismo sucede en el caso de que el ciudadano Juan Garcà ­a se casa con Sofà ­a Pà ©rez y Sofà ­a tiene 3 hijos de 12, 11 y 9 aà ±os. Juan puede pedir a su cà ³nyuge y a los tres nià ±os como hijastros, sin necesidad de adoptarlos. Pero debe presentar un total de cuatro peticiones distintas y pagar por cada una de ellas la tarifa correspondiente. Quià ©nes son familiares no inmediatos de ciudadanos Los ciudadanos estadounidenses pueden pedir la tarjeta de residencia permanente tambià ©n para los siguientes familiares: hijos  solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os: categorà ­a F1.hijos casados de cualquier edad: categorà ­a F3hermanos de cualquier edad, solteros y casados: categorà ­a F4. Para que un ciudadano pueda pedir a un hermano, debe haber cumplido ya los 21 aà ±os de edad. Adems, el ciudadano puede pedir no solo a sus hermanos biolà ³gicos, incluidos los medio hermanos, sino tambià ©n a los hermanastros, siempre y cuando el và ­nculo familiar se hubiera establecido antes de cumplir ambos los 18 aà ±os de edad. Asimismo, puede pedir a sus hermanos por adopcià ³n, pero en este caso la adopcià ³n debe haberse producido antes de que ambos cumpliesen los 16 aà ±os de edad. Por otra parte los ciudadanos pueden pedir a los hijos biolà ³gicos, a los adoptados y a los hijastros. En este à ºltimo caso, la relacià ³n familiar tiene que haber nacido antes de que el hijastro cumpliese los 18 aà ±os de edad. Caracterà ­sticas de las peticiones de familiares no inmediatos Es fundamental entender y tener presentes las siguientes circunstancias: En primer lugar, hay un là ­mite anual en el nà ºmero de tarjetas de residencia que se pueden aprobar en cada categorà ­a. Y como el nà ºmero de peticiones es mucho ms grande que el de tarjetas que se pueden dar se produce un gran retraso de aà ±os y, segà ºn las categorà ­as, de dà ©cadas. Adems, es mayor para el caso de nacidos en Mà ©xico que para el resto de Latinoamà ©rica o Espaà ±a. Puede consultarse el boletà ­n de visas que actualiza cada mes el Departamento de Estado. La gran ventaja de las peticiones de ciudadano a familiar no inmediato es que se pueden incluir a varias personas en una misma peticià ³n. Por ejemplo, se pide a un hermano y se aà ±ade a su esposa y a sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os. Adems, se admite el follow-to-join benefits, para incluir a nuevos familiares de la persona pedida que puedan incorporarse a su familia despuà ©s de presentar la peticià ³n. Por ejemplo, un ciudadano americano pide a una hermana que est soltera. Pasan los aà ±os y cuando llega el momento de la entrevista en el consulado para la green card la hermana est casada y tiene hijos. En ese momento puede pedir que se le extiendan los beneficios al marido y a los nià ±os. No tendr que aplicar con un nuevo formulario I-130 ni pagar por una nueva tarifa de solicitud de dicho formulario, ni habr que esperar a que haya una visa de inmigrante disponible.   Por otro lado, en el caso de familiares no inmediatos no se admite lo que se conoce como congelacià ³n de edad y si una de las personas incluidas como derivadas cumple los 21 aà ±os antes de la entrevista en el consulado no recibir la green card. Por ejemplo, la ciudadana Carolina Vargas pide a su hermano Rogelio Vargas que est casado y tiene un hijo de 16 y una hija de 10. Cuando llega el momento de la entrevista en el consulado, el hijo tiene 22 aà ±os y la nià ±a 16. Ella podr emigrar con sus paps pero el hijo, no. 3 causas por las que no se aprueba la peticià ³n de familiar Ser el familiar de un ciudadano no garantiza la obtencià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia. Es necesario que se cumplan con otros requisitos, como que el solicitante tiene  recursos econà ³micos suficientes para patrocinar. Adems, es necesario que no hay nada en el pasado del familiar para el que se piden los papeles que lo convierta en inadmisible. Esto es, que  no pueda recibir la tarjeta de residencia y estas son 42 causas para ello.  En algunos casos, ser posible solicitar un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. En otros la solucià ³n ser dejar pasar el tiempo de castigo, como por ejemplo en los casos de presencia ilegal previa en EE.UU. salvo que se pueda alegar y probar dureza extrema. Finamente, en otros casos ser prcticamente imposible regresar a EE.UU., como cuando ha habido una deportacià ³n por crimen violento o en caso de haber sido agarrado despuà ©s de una deportacià ³n y hay una prohibicià ³n permanente. Sin duda ayuda para familiarizarse con todo el proceso para pedir a un familiar tomar este quiz - conocido en algunos paà ­ses como trivial o test - para verificar que tienes los conocimientos bsicos sobre cà ³mo obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia. Puntos Claves: peticià ³n de ciudadano a familiar Familiares inmediatos: padres, madres, hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os y cà ³nyuges. Demora entre 12 y 24 meses, aproximadamente.Familiares no inmediatos: hijos solteros mayores de 21 aà ±os, hijos casados de cualquier edad, hermanos. Demoras de aà ±os y, en algunos casos, dà ©cadas. En estas peticiones se puede incluir en la solicitud del familiar pedido a su cà ³nyuge e hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os de edad.Causas por las que no se aprueba la green card:No se prueba relacià ³n familiar entre ciudadano y la otra personaEl ciudadano no tiene ingresos y patrimonio suficiente para patrocinarEl familiar pedido es considerado inadmisible. En algunos casos es posible pedir un perdà ³n. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

What is Plagiarism

What is Plagiarism Plagiarism is a growing problem in today’s world, thanks, no doubt, to the growing number of sources available to be plagiarized from. Now, we not only have books and magazines, television and movies, we also have the wide world of the internet. There is an unbelievable amount of stuff to be plagiarized, and many people are building entire websites, books and college theses entirely out of others thoughts. With that in mind, I thought I would answer some common questions about this: How close is too close for plagiarism? Plagiarism is the use of style or ideas that belong to others. Thus, if you take information from another source, even if it’s common knowledge, it is a very good idea to cite it. If you cannot remember or find the original source of information, then you should not use it in your work. The introduction of the term â€Å"language† into the definition makes for an even more complex idea. Quoting is acceptable as long as you include quotes, and paraphrasing is also acceptable, but taking any single section of two words together from a single source is probably not a good idea. Is it still considered plagiarism if I purchase the work from someone else (such as hiring an article writer for your blog, or purchasing a college thesis from a writer)? If the article comes with rights to you, then it is not plagiarism to use it. If it does not include rights, you absolutely cannot use it. More often than not, it will come with rights, but it is always best to ask exactly what you can and cannot do with it, since it may come back to haunt you. Also note that almost every college and high school will consider the same punishment for plagiarism as if they find you had your papers written for you, so make sure you know it back to front. Finally, it should stand to reason that you should always check the final document for plagiarism by looking through some of the sources that were chosen for the work. What are the punishments for being caught as a plagiarizer? If you’re plagiarizing in a college level course and caught, you will almost certainly fail the course, and you could be kicked out of the university all together. Degrees have also been revoked in cases of extreme plagiarism. If you are caught plagiarizing online, the punishment can include a lawsuit, but unfortunately, until now, only a small portion of the plagiarism is actually punished. Some cases are more complicated than others, particularly thanks to the development of RSS feeds, which by their nature, help to encourage people to reuse other content. Sometimes this is allowed by the authors, but most of the time it is not. To report online plagiarism, contact the ISP or Hosting company of the offender, and be prepared to offer significant amounts of proof that you are the original author. Is plagiarism the same thing as copyright infringement? No.   While they’re both bad, copyright infringement only overlaps plagiarism in rare circumstances where you plagiarize a copyrighted phrase.   The major difference between these two crimes (yes, crimes) is that plagiarism is where you take other’s content and claim that it’s your own.   Copyright infringement recognizes that it’s the work of others that you are attempting to use or profit from. Is it still plagiarism if I don’t intend it to be? Yes. Even if you don’t mean to, it’s still plagiarism. If someone finds your work to be too similar to their own, or a collection of others’ works, it can be considered plagiarism, and you can get in trouble for it. My best advice is to cite everything you possibly can, and to check your work with a sentence matching tool that compares your document to everything available online. While Copyscape is probably the #1 name on the internet, it’s a paid service, and I’ve always found Article Checker to be just as good, and perhaps a bit more flexible.

Fukushima nuclear plant incident in 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fukushima nuclear plant incident in 2011 - Essay Example This is the largest nuclear catastrophe recorded in the world after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and it is believed to have released approximately 10 to 30% of radiation material of what Chernobyl incident emitted (Povinec, Hirose and Aoyama 2013, p. 9). In the event of the tsunami, the backup power equipment that was meant to cool the reactors was destroyed and this caused fuel melting, hydrogen outburst, and radioactive gases. This radioactive release at the Fukushima plant forced the neighborhoods up to 25 miles estimated at more than 100,000 residents were all evacuated away from the plant. The subsequent lack of AC power in Units 1 to three prohibited the valves and pumps from working normally which was necessary to eliminate heat and pressure that occurred due to radioactive decay from the nuclear fuel within the reactor hubs. The fuel rods therefore, overheated and in combination with the steam, huge quantities of hydrogen were generated causing an explosion. This is the explos ion that prevented the plant workers from cooling the reactors and the radioactivity spread rapidly (Elliott 2012, p.7). The Pollutant Source and Pathway The source of the Fukushima nuclear plant disaster is directly related to the earthquake of a 9.0 magnitude that hit Japan in 2011. This earthquake caused damage to the external power supply and the backup diesel emergency generators were flooded leading them to fail. After the failure of the diesel backup generators, the reactor operators initiated the emergency battery power but they run out after 8 hours of operation. The enduring heat therefore, could not be carried out and this led to fuel failure. Fuel failure occurs because of mechanical, chemical or even thermal failures when there is too much heat in the valves (Brook, 2011). The nuclear power plant workers had now to focus on managing the core while the heat was building up to allow the fuel cladding to keep going as much as possible. In reality, the reactor is made up of several independent and different cooling systems that operate to ensure smooth flow. These cooling systems include the reactor water clean-up mechanism, the decay heat exclusion, the core isolating cooling system, and also standby cooling mechanism among others. It is evident some of these cooling system failed and caused damage to the core and therefore, the disaster occurred (Elliott 2012, p.7). When the workers lost most of the cooling systems because of loss of power, they had to come up with other means of eliminating the heat. However, in a situation where the heat production is greater than its removal, the pressure immediately keeps rising as the boiling water builds steam. The operators now focused on keeping the temperature below 1200Â °C, while also maintaining a manageable level of the pressure. Maintaining a manageable pressure level is necessary to get rid of steam and this is done by pressure relief valves that are contained in the reactor (Elliott 2012, p.7). The process of maintaining pressure requires venting or emitting steam to keep the levels in a steady rate. It is important to note that steam and other gases eliminated are radioactive fission materials, which are in small quantities. In this case, when the workers at Fukushima nuclear plant were emitting steam, some form of radioactive emissions were released into the

Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Criminal Law - Essay Example For criminal law to be effective there is the need for proof for some of the social ills that take place in society. It is these justifications that enable criminal law to make some of the rules that society prescribes to on a regular basis (Samaha, 2013). For criminal law to be successful there must the presence of a relationship between all agents of the criminal justice system. This means that all branches responsible for the upholding of the law must share some common ground if the law is to be upheld and/or maintained. One of the common things that they share includes the responsibility by all branches. Law enforcement agencies are all responsible for the protection of people in society. Correctional facilities and the courts are there to ensure that offenders do not escape or get away with going against the law. Furthermore, all these branches share a commonality that involves punishment (Samaha, 2013). Law enforcement agencies are there to arrest offenders; correctional facilities are there to ensure that they are penalized and properly rehabilitated; while the court systems are there to ensure that the appropriate course of punishment for the offender is provided. These relationships all aid in the protection of the laws in so ciety and the protection of the rights and privileges of all free